The core competitiveness of an enterprise is to achieve high quality and low cost. High quality is qualified to live, and low cost is attractive to customers. This is especially true for the cable industry with fierce competition.
Cost reduction requires full participation
When many enterprises talk about cost, they think it is the financial department or cost accounting, and most employees think that, "I am not the boss, the cost has nothing to do with me"; "What benefits can I get from saving costs?"
In fact, cost reduction requires everyone's participation. First of all, as the decision-making stratum of the enterprise, the concept of investment is needed, which is the basic condition that determines and affects the formation of enterprise costs; Secondly, the engineering personnel and management personnel of the enterprise affect the consumption level of product design and production costs; The third is the staff of the supply and sales department of the enterprise. Their business activities affect the purchase cost of materials and the level of product sales expenses. Therefore, the cost is closely related to everyone.
Cost reduction starts from eliminating the source of waste
If the waste is not eliminated, it is difficult to reduce the cost. Like Toyota, it has always aimed at eliminating waste seventy The cost will be halved in two years.
The main methods to eliminate waste are two Species:
The first way is to advocate a culture of conservation and eliminate waste
First of all, we should advocate a culture of saving within the enterprise, make saving a spirit of the enterprise, and let the sense of saving go deep into the heart of every employee.
Secondly, we should seize the leading role of decision-making to avoid overall waste. Decision saving is the saving that affects the overall situation. To establish a conservation oriented enterprise, first of all, we should start with scientific decision-making, and obtain the maximum output with the minimum input, which is the maximum saving for the enterprise.
Third, we should start from the details, and the economy should be reflected in the details. Through refined management, we can squeeze out the profits with the system. People envy the world five hundred Strong enterprises, if analyzed carefully, are also the most successful enterprises. For example, Toyota has no branches or offices in the world, and only has a sales center in Nagoya. Wal Mart's Asian headquarters is in a small alley in Beijing, and its office is only two hundred and sixty Square meters, no meeting room, the contract is signed on the street at the entrance of the alley, and the advertisement never invites celebrities, but let employees do it as a reward to employees. When Wal Mart Asia President got off the plane, he carried a calculator in his bag. When he saw a suitable position, he took out the calculator, calculated the size of the room, and started to attract investment. He paid the rent of the landlord with the paid entrance fee. The management of the store learned from the Kanban management of Toyota in Japan, and the warehouse processing could be accurate to the store three Wal Mart has always had unique cost advantages because of its daily quantity and refined management.
Fourth, saving in procurement. To control the purchase cost, we should set and compress it scientifically. The main methods are to strengthen inventory cost control; Break up the whole into parts and purchase in large quantities; Establish procurement cost analysis system; Adopt measures such as bidding, inquiry, price comparison, price negotiation, price fixing purchase and open market purchase; Establish supplier selection system; Blocking the procurement "Rebate" vulnerability, etc.
Fifth, control the core cost of the enterprise through saving in production. For example, reducing the consumption of materials and energy and improving productivity are savings; Establish the quota standard of raw material consumption; Establish the quota standard of labor consumption; Control production costs; Implement the system of saving rewards and punishments.
Sixth, saving in marketing. Marketing expenses can be cut For "fat meat", it is necessary to budget, analyze and make decisions on marketing costs, control unnecessary marketing costs, make every penny of advertising investment bring into play, and reasonably control the expenses of marketing personnel.
Seventh, saving in management. Including meeting saving and time saving. The former can implement the conference savings into each meeting by saving meeting costs, meeting budget, controlling expenses, saving meeting time and changing meeting methods; The latter can improve work efficiency by effectively spending time, doing what should be done and doing things correctly.
The second method is to eliminate waste through on-site improvement
Improvement is always more important than management. A manager should not be proud of punishing employees, but should work with employees to study ways to prevent employees from making mistakes, and not provide opportunities and conditions for employees to make mistakes. Field improved seven The tools are:
First, create a scene where waste can be seen, that is, conduct thorough 6S (sorting, rectification, cleaning, cleaning, literacy, safety).
Second, IE And operation standardization, which is the best tool to eliminate waste. Haier successfully acquired thirty Many enterprises.
Third, find waste by visual management. Visual management is a method to determine the current status by using visual perception such as graphs, charts, etc., and immediately make judgments so that problems can be solved quickly.
Fourth, using Kanban management to explain waste is to show the projects that you want to manage through various management Kanban boards, so that everyone knows the management method of the current management status, which can give customers confidence and create a competitive atmosphere within the enterprise to reduce waste.
Fifth, walking management. The manager is required to go to the work site to find and deal with problems and eliminate consumption at any time.
Sixth, five Answer all the questions and find the key. Usually, ask five Next, we can find out the solution to the problem.
Seventh, use the fool proof error correction method to reduce waste. In fact, the more simple things are, the more likely they are to make mistakes. Most people make mistakes because they ignore some things. Punishment is useless. We should work together to find ways to prevent and correct mistakes. For example, inserting a card in the hotel is a good way to prevent and correct mistakes.
cost cutting five Ways
1 Factory contracting
This is a road that Chinese entrepreneurs must take, which can stimulate the enthusiasm of employees and make them cherish their current work.
In order to facilitate the research, China Enterprise Confederation has contracted in Dongguan two As a pilot unit for factory contracting. Traditional enterprises only make money two Each department, sales department and purchase department, but after factory contracting, each department makes money. Human resources and offices make money by providing services to each department. For example, if other departments want to recruit people, they can provide targeted services after clarifying the salary and conditions. The Finance Department has become a financial center, and each department should set up its own account. Through analysis, it was found that the workshop director became as smart as Toyota, realized the true meaning of cost reduction driven by interests, picked up the money lost on the ground and put it in his pocket. As the cost is reduced, the profit is naturally high.
What are the ways and means to achieve factory contracting? Mainly five Content of aspects:
The first is the supply chain system, that is, the enterprise management responsibility system. The next process is the customer of the previous process, which is the core idea. It extends the market mechanism to the interior of the enterprise and forms a layer by layer connection "Supply Chain Traceability Chain".
Second, the factory is fully contracted, and all departments become comprehensive The way of "making money". Turn each employee into a "business entity" and form a three-dimensional contracting mode. This is what Haier does in China.
The third is to establish unit and individual economic indicators. Contractability and traceability are realized through production quota, quality quota, consumption quota, cost quota, equipment utilization quota, and total expense quota.
Fourth, external and internal individual transaction settlement methods. break The "piecework wage system" implements the "employee cross traceability system". Piecework wage will lead to a focus on output rather than quality. Under the employee cross traceability system, the principle of combining basic wage, benefit wage and floating wage is adhered to, and the principle of traceability and transaction of returns, claims and complaints is adhered to. Such an employee will understand the following processes three There are restrictions between employees and inspectors are no longer needed.
Fifth, the establishment of contractors "Bank". Each unit has set up an accounting "bank" in the Finance Department. There is a "transaction currency" inside the enterprise, which is called "price coupon" in Haier. This is like market operation. People will be very smart. This requires that the product quality must pass the standard. In addition, the "creditor's rights and debt" mechanism will drive the implementation of the loan system at the beginning of the year, and repayment will be made in installments, The Finance Department has truly become the "financial center" of the enterprise.
2 . Compression of inventory
That is, proper inventory is low cost. Mainly four One way is to achieve zero inventory, that is, no inventory. All kinds of materials go directly into the workshop and keep walking on the assembly line; The second is the safety stock, also known as insurance stock or buffer stock, which is a guarantee stock set to prevent stock outs caused by random factors. For example, the cycle is basically controlled at three Days; The third is to implement centralized large warehouses, make them into warehouse supermarkets, and unify management, such as raw material warehouse, semi-finished product warehouse, and finished product warehouse, which can save storage space and reduce personnel costs; The fourth is just in time supply, namely supplier critical management method. Invite the supplier to the warehouse of the enterprise to supply goods for you on site.
3 Equipment maintenance and optimization
That is, to achieve low cost through lean management. Equipment maintenance is a big hole, eroding the profits of the enterprise. Frequent maintenance of equipment is caused by non maintenance. Some enterprises have set up a special warehouse for maintenance parts, with a large number of maintenance workers. In fact, the more maintenance workers there are, the more wasteful they are. This is all due to incorrect ideas "I operate, you repair".
The enterprise should establish three-level maintenance. The first level maintenance is the responsibility of the operator, the second level maintenance is the responsibility of the team leader, and the third level maintenance is the responsibility of the equipment management department. The maintenance worker becomes an equipment administrator or engineer, specially coaching employees to maintain equipment.
In addition, attention should be paid to the optimization of equipment. Toyota said that equipment can run with long legs. Usually, the equipment is fixed, all activities revolve around the equipment, and live equipment can achieve zero handling.
4 . Reduce labor cost
That is, optimizing resources means low cost. Domestic enterprises should transform from labor-intensive to human resources optimization. Because the competition is getting bigger and bigger, and the salary of personnel is still rising. To survive, we must pay attention to management, improve efficiency, and respond to the changes in the market with the least number of personnel, so as to achieve fewer people.
5 Quality improvement
That is, high quality means low cost, and quality improvement means letting employees do the right thing for the first time. The quality cost includes prevention cost, identification cost and failure cost. Prevention cost refers to the expenses incurred for staff training, accounting for 20% ； Appraisal cost refers to the costs related to inspection such as inspectors and inspection equipment, accounting for 30% ； Failure cost refers to the cost of rework and re addition, accounting for 50% Therefore, if the enterprise increases the prevention cost, it will reduce the identification cost and failure cost, so as to ensure that employees do it right the first time.
